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Introduction:
The British ruled India for long years. They introduced law based on the English Common Law. This has made a high influence on Indian law system even after the Independence. Much of the Contemporary Indian law shows European & American influence.
Many laws have been enacted before & after the Independence of India. Various legislation first by the British is still in effect in their modified forms today.
Constitutional Law:
The Constitution of India is the lengthiest written Constitution in the world. It is the base of India, all the laws has to be made in accordance with the Constitution. It mainly talks about the fundamental rights & directive principles & prescribes the federal form of government. It defines the separation of powers between the Federation & States, etc.
Criminal law:
Acts under Criminal Law --- Indian Penal Code 1980 (IPC), (Cr. P.C) Criminal Procedure Code, Evidence Act. IPC is the backbone of the criminal system of law. Includes the offences, serious crimes & their punishment. It helps the police to control the crime rate
Labour Laws:
Includes Acts like Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
Payment of Wages Act
Factories Act
Minimum Wages Act. etc
These Acts are enacted for the labourer & workers, to protect their rights in case of disputes to resolve their disputes.
Tort Law
Torts mean Civil Wrong, recognizes the State liability. Includes wrongs like illegal detention, defamation etc.
Family laws:
India is a multi religious country introducing many personal laws in our country.
As per the rule of law if there is any dispute then the Personal laws shall prevail. But if such personal laws violates the human rights or it creates confusion then the court shall take the appropriate decision. Personal laws include:
Hindu Marriage & Divorce
Mohammedan law
Christian Marraige & Divorce Act
Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act.
They deal with marriage, divorce & adoption etc.
Contract Act:
It governs contract, execution of contract & effects of breach of contract.
Property laws:
There are many laws governing the property laws in India. Various laws are as follows.
• Registration Act, 1908.
• Land Acquisition Act
• Stamp Duty
• Rent Control Act.
Civil Laws:
Civil Procedure Code 1908 is to regulate the functioning of civil courts. The provide certain relief's, such as injunction, decree, orders etc.
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