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The literary works inscribed in Bengali and originated remarkably from West Bengal is marked as Bengali literature. The ancient Bengali language is a part of Indo European languages and was originated from certain Indo Aryan language or Prakrit language. The traditional script is a revised version of Brahmi script used during Ashokan inscriptions in 273 to 232 B.C. The Bengali literature can be classified into three different areas such as the ancient, middle and modern literatures in Bengali.
The initial literature works in Bengali is believed to be Charyageeti that includes eighth to twelfth century spiritual poems of Buddhist from Eastern India. The renowned Bengali poet Harprashad Shastri contributed the Charyageeti manuscript in the Court Library of Nepal during the year 1907. The ancient Bengali literature had included a small collection of 48 poems renowned as charva poems composed by Buddhists siddacharyas.
The middle aged Bengali literature incorporates an elongated time span. The early period specially covered with narrative poems that were religiously biased. The Krittivas’s Ramayana of that time adorned a classical effect and place. Other popular narrative poems were Srikrishnakirttan composed by Baru Chandidas and Srikrishnavijaya inscri bed by Maladhar Vasu. Another legendary work of middle Bengali literature includes Chaitanya Bhagavat created by Brindavan Das, which holds the biography of the popular Saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Towards the sixteenth century, remarkable changes occurred in the literature sessions, as it started including epic poems. In 17th century, Daulat Kazi, a Bengali Islamic poet contributed the famous romantic tale named Sati Mayana.
The major Bengali literary renaissance occurred during the 19th century, as the fort College Pundits started up their strenuous work of translating the books in Bengali to assist the British people to follow Indian Languages, mostly the Bengali. Rajaram Mohan Roy entered Calcutta and put himself into the great literary recreation in the year 1814. He started translating translating religious works in Sanskrit to Bengali and also gave birth to a cultural society named Atmiya Sabha. The modern age artists of Bengali literature include Madusudan Dutt and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. The Meghnadvadhkavya of Madusudan Dutt is a mixture of western flavor in Indian literature. Another legendary name in Bengali literature of that period includes kazi Nazrul, who was at a time a writer, poet, musician, philosopher and a journalist. Unluckily, he had been put behind the bars due to his popular literary works that pointed against the British Rule.
The foremost popular romantic novel in Bengali is Durgeshnandini written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in the year 1865. This principal novelist of the era offered the nation its valuable national song, the Vande Mataram, an original masterpiece of Indian literature. Tagore was the first Indian to achieve the Nobel Prize for his renowned creation ‘Geetanjali’. Other famous prose writers of the period include Ishwar Chandra Vidyasangar and Debendra Nath TAgore. Mohitlal Majumdar, Jibanandadas, Bubhuthibhushan Bandhopadhyay, Paramathnath Bisi and Tarashankar were some of the popular figures who marked the Bengali literature in the early modern period.
The contemporary era of the literature is directed by some modernist philosophers such as Sunil Gangopadhyay who is a novelist, story writer as well as a poet; Buddhadev Guha who is a jungle story writer, Baren Gangopadhyay, Debesh Roy, Shankha Ghosh, Moti Nandi, Kamal Majumdar, Bani Basi and Suchitra Bhattacharya.
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