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The literature works in the form of poetry, drama, literary criticism, elaborated novels, religious stories, short stories and biographies shaped up in Indian subcontinents through the traditional, medieval and modern times is referred as Indian Literature. All the languages in India hold a wealthy tradition of Indian literature. The non literary creation on subjects such as health, grammar, law, astrology, astronomy and administration also plays a wonderful part in our literary heritage. The traditional literature concentrated more towards rhythmic poetry presentation patent in vernacular languages. Therefore, the work was transmitted from one generation to the other in the form of recitation without any prescribed manuscript. Sixteenth century gave birth to written Indian literature as a result of the appearance of Sanskrit fictional predominance and the Hindu religious movements.
Most of the Indian literature during traditional period was marked as religious and a majority of them forms a rework of Sanskrit epic stories such as the Mahabharata, Brahmashastras, the Ramayana and the mythological Puranas. It also incorporates the popular Vedas, Upanishads, Brahmanas and Aryankaas which was documented in Sanskrit Pali-Prakrit. The medieval literature was created to progress certain unconventional religious and regional believes. The 12th century Bengali literature Caryapadas, Marathi Literature Lilacarita and the 10th Century Kannada literature Kanrese are some of the popular examples.
The Sanskrit literature possesses a particular role in Indian civilization, which extended up to AD 1200 from BC 1400 and got into the peak in the AD seventh century. Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharatha, there are other popular examples that consist of Kalidasa’s Meghadutam and Abhigyanashakuntalam. The popular litterateurs’ of 14th century includes Tulasidas, Surdas and Kabeerdas, who have created everlasting valuable poems with morals. Ramacharitamanas, a perpetual classic literature work of Tulasidas is considered to be a rich and holy creation by all Hindus. Tamil, Sindhi and Urdu literature has unique tradition and does not include the shades of Sanskrit. Urdu and Sindhi are believed to be emerged with Islamic concepts. The most popular works are Amir Khusro’s Ghazals and Couplets of Mirza Ghalib.
Modern Indian literature sprouted up towards to end of nineteenth century with the emergence of vernacular institutions. The introduction to printing techniques substantially improved and increased the Indian literature works. Bengali writers were the first to step up in the modern times. The best writers in this period include Rabindranath Tagore, Chattopadhyaya and Premchand. Tagore was honored with Nobel Prize for the English translation of the great work Geetanjali. His classic novel Gora has a great role in augmenting the richness of Indian literature.
Writers who excelled in the field of Indian modern literature includes Sunil Gangopadhyay and Bandopadhyay in Bengali; Premchand in Hindi; Pritam in Punjabi; Malihabadi, Ali Jafri and Kaifi Azmi in Urdu. Popular Writers in the southern region includes Malayattoor Ramakrishanam, Shivshankaran Pillai and M.T Vasudevan Nair in Malayalam and Subramanian Bharati in the area of Tamil literature. Internationally valued Indian figures and their literatures include Arundhati Roy for her God of small things, Salman Rushdie for Satanic Versus, R.K. Narayan for The English Teacher, Under the Banyan Tree, and The Vendor of Sweets.
Indian literature in regional languages includes Assamese, Bengali, Bojpuri, Hindi, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. The major Indian literary awards include the Jnanapeeth award and the Sahitya Academy awards. Indian writers such as Arundhati Roy, Salman Rushdie, Raj Kamal Jha, Vikram Seth and Anita Desai have marked their presence in the International arena of literature by winning Booker Prize.
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