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The Persian poetry and language became a trend in India at the ruling time of Akbar, the Mughal emperor. He implemented Persian as the official language in his empire. However, it later led to the emergence of Urdu language with its fusion with Hindi language. The Persian literature was believed to be started up in 522 BC. The Islamic conquest in the seventh century in Persia, made most of the Parsis flew to central Asia and India. They carried with them some of the popular Persian literatures of Zoroastrian canon and ancient commentaries to India. Persian literature includes the work in both Persian as well as Arabic language. The popular Persian poets such as Rumi, Saadi, Hafiz, Ferdowsi and Omar Khayyam are renowned around the globe and many writers of other languages got influence from this literary works.
The Persian language was initially introduced to India by Mahmud in early tenth century. Most of the Muslim followers thereafter became adapters and promoters of this classic literature. The Sufi mystics who handled Persian languages were active in India during 10th century. The Sufis helped to popularize Persian poetry by contributing the work as an emblematic expression of love towards the divine God. The indo Persian literature gained much popularity during the rule of Mughal emperors. Great poets such as Khalil and Qane Tatavi helped to enhance the literature with their classically sensitive poems.
India witnessed a large number of Persian historical writings, poetries, mystical tales, biographies, theological work and Persian grammar creations. However, most of these works still remains unpublished. The world popular Persian poet Amir Kusrow has contributed many classic works, which led to rapid standardization of Indo Persian literature. With the rise of calligraphic art and manuscript illuminations in the year 1325, India became the major area of Persian book production. The Persian literature in India had a unique place in religious area, which is due to the union of two special factors. The initial factor is that India was a preferred location of Muslim missionaries as well as Sufis during ancient period. The second factor is that the Muslims frequently had to come across various religious figures such as the Hinduism, Jainism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. Thus, the community developed their religious thoughts along with the literatures in Indian soil.
The popular traditional Persian Sufi doctrine treatise Kasf al mahjub was created in India by Hojviri. He was a Gaznian who lived in Lahore. The popular Sufi Persian literature in India includes the Malfazat developed by Hasan Dehlavi, which holds religious sayings of Sufi saints and Maktubat that incorporates guiding letters on spiritual practices and principles. Jhalal Khan Jamali, the court poet of Sikandar Lodi put forward a number of admirable literatures in Persian language. The mughal courts witnessed numerous translation works of great Upanishads, Bhagavad-Gita and Yoga Vasistha from Sanskrit to Persian. Dara Sokuh, one of the court poets in Mughal Empire gave birth to major writings in Sufi language such as Hasant al Quarefin, Malfuzat and Sakinat Al Awliya.
The Persian literate and language is used as a method to scientific transmissions and in these modern times, it is regenerated into Arabic. Some of the popular Persian writers in nineteenth and twentieth century include Omar Khayyam, Hafez, Molana Jalal, Ahmad Shamalou, Simin Behbehani and M.Omid. Although, the Persian literature in India holds limited publicity, you may come across more major classic works with good research work on Indo Persian literatures.
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